According to World Health Organization
(WHO) estimates, approximately 285 million people worldwide suffer from low
vision and blindness. Of these, 39 million are blind and 246 million have
moderate or severe visual impairment. The major causes of visual impairment are
uncorrected refractive errors (43%) and cataract (33%).
Some common eye conditions:
Eyestrain:
• Eyestrain
is discomfort due to an uncorrected refractive problem.
• Eyestrain
quickly goes away due to refractive problems
• Prolonged
focusing can lead to eyestrain, such as working at the computer for hours.
• Prescription
glasses maybe required
• Eye
exercises or resting the eyes every 30 minutes helps relieve eyestrain,
especially when working with computers.
• This
condition develops when there is too much fluid pressure inside the eye.
• Glaucoma
occurs when the normal flow of the watery fluid cannot drain properly. If not
treated early, this can lead to permanent vision loss and blindness.
• Glaucoma
is less commonly caused by other factors such as injury to the eye, severe eye
infection, blockage of blood vessels or inflammatory disorders of the eye.
• Treatment
may include prescription eye drops, oral medications or surgery.
• The
increased pressure, called intraocular pressure, can damage the optic nerve, which transmits images to your brain. If the damage continues, glaucoma can
lead to permanent vision loss.
Risk Factors Associated with Glaucoma:
• Are
over 40
• Have
a family history of glaucoma
• Have
poor vision
• Have
diabetes
• Take
certain steroid medications, like prednisone
• Have
had trauma to the eye or eyes
Signs and Symptoms of Glaucoma:
Loss of peripheral, or side, vision, sudden
eye pain, headache, blurred vision, or the appearance of halos around lights.
Because the symptoms usually do not appear
in people under 55 years of age, the disorder is often referred to as
age-related macular degeneration. Over 65, macular degeneration may already
affect your central vision the vision you need for reading and close work like
sewing. The disorder occurs in two forms, dry and wet. The Any delay in
treatment may result in loss of your central vision.
Night blindness occurs when you have
difficulty seeing in dim light. There are many different forms of night
blindness, but it may be linked to liver disorder, vitamin A deficiency,
inherited disease of the retina, such as retinitis pigmentosa.
The retina is a thin lining on the back of
the eye made up of cells that collect visual images and pass them on to the
brain.
Retinal disorders interrupt this transfer of
images. They include age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and
retinal detachment.
Early diagnosis and treatment of these
conditions is important to maintain vision.
A cataract is a clouding of the normally
clear lens of your eye.
Most cataracts develop slowly and don't
disturb eyesight early on. But with time, cataracts will eventually interfere
with your vision.
Signs and symptoms of cataracts include:
• Clouded,
blurred or dim vision
• Increasing
difficulty with vision at night
• Sensitivity
to light and glare
• Need
for brighter light for reading and other activities
• Seeing
"halos" around lights
• Frequent
changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescription
• Fading
or yellowing of colours
• Double
vision in a single eye
• Eyeglasses can help you deal with cataracts. But if impaired vision interferes
with usual activities cataract surgery may be treatment of choice. Fortunately,
cataract surgery is generally a safe, effective procedure.
Refractive errors occur when the shape of
the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina.
The most common types of refractive errors
are myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism.
• Myopia
(near-sightedness) is a condition where objects up close appear clearly, while
objects far away appear blurry.
• Hyperopia
(farsightedness) is a common type of refractive error where distant objects may
be seen more clearly than objects that are near.
• Astigmatism
is a condition in which the eye does not focus light evenly onto the retina,
the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye
• Presbyopia
is an age-related condition in which the ability to focus up close becomes more
difficult.
Eyeglasses or contact lenses are the
simplest and safest way to correct refractive errors. Your eye care
professional can prescribe appropriate lenses to correct your refractive error
and give you optimal vision. Refractive Surgery aims to change the shape of the
cornea permanently.
Colour blindness, also known as colour
vision deficiency, is the decreased ability to see colour or differences in
colour. The most common cause of colour blindness is an inherited fault in the
development of one or more of the three sets of colour sensing cones in the
eye.
Diagnosis is done by the test consists of a
number of coloured plates, called Ishihara plates, each of which contains a
circle of dots appearing randomized in colour and size.
Eye infections occur when harmful
microorganism’s bacteria, fungi and viruses that invade any part of the eyeball or surrounding
area. This includes the clear front surface of the eye (cornea) and the thin,
moist membrane lining the outer eye and inner eyelids (conjunctiva).
Other infection can include a stye or
chalazion. When infection invades the eye's tear glands, inflammatory
conditions such as dacryostenosis and uveitis can result.
• Pain,
itching, or sensation of a foreign body in the eye.
• Photosensitivity
(aversion to bright light)
• Redness
or small red lines in the white of the eye.
• Discharge
of yellow pus that may be crusty on waking up - a possible sign of bacterial
infection.
• Tearing
• Eat
Healthy foods to prevent nutritional decencies
• Quit
Smoking
• Wear
Sunglasses
• Use
Safety Eyewear
• Look
Away From the Computer Screen to prevent eye strain
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